We’ve blogged about the Carolina African Runner peanut a number of times here, and it made NPR’s The Salt just after Christmas, but now it has received the podcast treatment too, thanks to Jeremy. It’s a great story, well told.
Brainfood: New communities, New journal, New sustainability indicators, New rice yields, New chickpeas, New tree map, Old barley, New wheat dataset, New oat “core”, New ABS guide, New threats
- Mapping climatic mechanisms likely to favour the emergence of novel communities. New climate combinations are rare (3.4% of evaluated cells), but mean displacement moderately rapid (3.7 km per decade) and divergence high (>60° for 67% of cells). What will all this mean for CWR? As many are ruderals, maybe nothing?
- Why biodiversity matters. Inaugural issue of Nature Ecology & Evolution. Not much on agricultural biodiversity, alas.
- Bridging the practitioner-researcher divide: Indicators to track environmental, economic, and sociocultural sustainability of agricultural commodity production. Again, no surprise that biodiversity is hardly considered by either researchers or practitioners in monitoring sustainability, though that’s not the point of the paper.
- Plausible rice yield losses under future climate warming. More even than IFPRI thought: −8.3 ± 1.4% per degree.
- Recent breeding programs enhanced genetic diversity in both desi and kabuli varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). But from a low baseline?
- EU-Forest, a high-resolution tree occurrence dataset for Europe. Want European tree diversity, go to the Pyrenees.
- Farmer fidelity in the Canary Islands revealed by ancient DNA from prehistoric seeds. New barley same as old barley.
- Evaluation of 19,460 Wheat Accessions Conserved in the Indian National Genebank to Identify New Sources of Resistance to Rust and Spot Blotch Diseases. 45 accessions had known resistance genes against all three rusts as well as a QTL for spot blotch resistance.
- Promoting the Use of Common Oat Genetic Resources through Diversity Analysis and Core Collection Construction. Interesting, but 21 out of 91 is hardly a core collection.
- Utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge in academic research. A good practice guide for access and benefit-sharing. Well there’s no excuse now.
- Identifying species threat hotspots from global supply chains. Global maps of which countries, and which commodities they consume, most endanger threatened species around the world.
Nibbles: Catching up edition
- And we’re back.
- India wants to set up a fish genebank. Because climate change, which is scrambling up climates everywhere. And fish are important, so don’t scoff.
- Nepal’s community seed banks in the news. Also Brazil’s. And New Zealand’s, since we’re at it.
- Don’t forget India’s. And not just the community sort, either.
- Our friends at Kew on the wonders of genebanks.
- Someone mention genebanks? Latest photos from Ft Collins.
- You can make your own. Genebank, that is.
- Podcast on a really long-term seed viability experiment.
- It’s not just about the genebanks, though. Or all that biotechnology for that matter. Indeed not, as iPES-Food reminds us.
- Italian monks help rebuild earthquake-hit town. With beer.
- French monks are at it too. Beer, that is.
- Go ahead, have that piece of cheese with that monk-brewed beer.
- Or with a nice IPA for that matter.
- Or a banana beer.
- Sure, take all the romance out of beer, why don’t you.
- The Mesoamerican, entomological roots of the colour scarlet.
- Don’t keep people out if you want to protect forests. I can’t understand why this still needs to be said.
- The story of the quest for super-sweet corn. And a celebration of the life of a giant of corn (as in maize) research.
- And for the “ultimate” avocado.
- How about ultimate dope?
- The traditional, end-of-year, save-the-apple and the-end-of-frankincense stories. Actually there were two on apples. And it’s not all bad news for frankincense.
- Saving the Tamworth pig in Australia. And the camel in Rajasthan.
- Cool map of French traditional foods.
- For your next Saturnalia feast.
- The Met has a “corne field.”
- Earliest evidence of potatoes from the central Andes. What, not Canada?
- Neolithic hunter-gatherers of the Libyan Sahara liked their veggies. Which we all should. But not at these prices. Ah, wait, though, is the melon a vegetable, or a fruit?
- Some crops come, some go.
- Which seems a good place to bring this first, gigantic Nibble of 2017 to a close. Did you miss us? I know you did. But did we miss anything over the holidays? Let us know.
Brainfood: Rucola, PGR history, Camels & CC, Quality seed, Co-evolution, Dormancy
- Changes in rocket salad phytochemicals within the commercial supply chain: Glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, amino acids and bacterial load increase significantly after processing. Sitting around is good for rucola’s nutritional value.
- From “Genetic Resources” to “Ecosystems Services”: A Century of Science and Global Policies for Crop Diversity Conservation. Not just stuff to mine.
- Camels and Climate Resilience: Adaptation in Northern Kenya. Increasing focus on camel herding a reasonable climate resilience strategy, but only under some scenarios, for some communities. And what is it doing to diversity?
- A review of factors that influence the production of quality seed for long-term conservation in genebanks. What’s best for commercial seed production is not necessarily best for long-term conservation. Though it won’t hurt.
- The eco-evolutionary impacts of domestication and agricultural practices on wild species. Agriculture (plant breeding, agricultural practices and gene flow with crops) can have evolutionary consequences for wild species that undermine the success of agriculture.
- Multiple alleles at a single locus control seed dormancy in Swedish Arabidopsis. Careful with that GWAS!
Cary Fowler’s acceptance speech for Frank N. Meyer Medal
It turns out we do know what Cary Fowler had to say when he received the Frank N. Meyer Medal for Plant Genetic Resources. It’s not on the relevant website, but it is here below, courtesy of Cary himself.
Last spring, I received an email from a graduate student at UC-Davis I had never met or communicated with before. Jorge Carlos Berny informed me that he had nominated me for the Meyer Award. Needless to say, the letter came as a surprise. So does the award.
I am so fortunate to have been mentored and befriended by many past recipients: Erna Bennett, Daniel Debouck, Geoff Hawtin, Jaap Hardon, Jack Harlan, Cal Qualset, Henry Shands, Calvin Sperling, and others. Joining their ranks is humbling. I am deeply touched and grateful.
Our crops are beginning to face dramatically new combinations of conditions for which there are few, if any, historical analogues. It’s not going to get easier for them. Our agricultural systems are likely to experience more uncertainty and surprises, and heightened risk. Plant genetic resources will be essential in facilitating the adaption of our crops to the challenges of the future. While progress has been made in conserving and making these resources available, would anyone want to argue that the genetic resources and crop breeding communities are fully prepared for what’s coming?
Too many genebank collections are poorly maintained, documented and managed today. Few are firmly connected with users. None are adequately or sustainably funded. Many cannot provide access to their materials, and more than a few simply refuse to provide access. Some of our crop collections – particularly those of minor crops – are dreadfully inadequate in size and breadth. Many crops have few if any professional breeders, making the path to adaption and improvement highly problematic unless something changes. In-situ efforts to conserve crop diversity and promote breeding are similarly challenged.
Our current genebank system is largely a creation of the 1970s, and a different political and scientific world. From a global perspective, it needs rethinking and redesign. Can we streamline conservation and reduce its costs? Can we cooperate on a division of labor amongst genebanks? Can we strengthen the link between conservation and use? Can we be more creative in promoting use?
When I joined the Global Crop Diversity Trust as its Executive Director years ago, the task as I saw it was to identify the most critical and strategic steps we could take to help create a working global system for plant genetic resources.
We first set about rescuing threatened accessions in genebanks – saving about 80,000 accessions globally. We supported the development of information systems for genebank management, as well as GRIN-Global. We built an endowment and began to make the first long-term – essentially perpetual – grants to selected international genebanks. We launched a global program to collect and conserve crop wild relatives. And, we promoted safety duplication of existing collections, most notably in the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, which now provides protection to more than 880,000 unique samples.
In my life and work, I have tried to make a contribution to the creation of a rational, efficient, effective and sustainable global system for conserving and providing plant genetic resources. That’s a mouthful to be sure! It was the aspiration; it is not yet the reality.
To achieve that global system we will need to create trust. In the context of trust, we will be able to realize that our goal is to conserve diversity, not institutions. It’s to share not hoard resources. No country is independent in terms of the genetic resources they need, and the changing climate ensures they will be even less so in the future. In the interdependent world in which we live, and in the more cooperative and peaceful world I want to see, one does not lose by sharing. Global and national food security depends on it.
Plant genetic resources really are a common heritage of humankind. This is the only scientifically and historically valid way to think of them, and the only basis upon which countries can come together to ensure their conservation and availability.
I wish to thank the Crop Science Society of America and the Frank Meyer Award Committee for this honor. It is considered the highest recognition one can receive in this field. That it comes from colleagues in the plant genetic resources community means more to me that I can possibly convey.
Thank you.