- The impact of whole genome sequence data to prioritise animals for genetic diversity conservation. Relationships from whole genome sequence data were better than SNPs at preserving rare variants when selecting individuals for inclusion in a genebank.
- Genetic variation in wild populations of the tuber crop Amorphophallus konjac (Araceae) in central China as revealed by AFLP markers. Diverse, endangered, somewhat isolated populations, with some geographic structuring.
- Manihot allemii sp. nov. (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) with entire and unlobed leaves from northern Brazil, with notes about foliar anatomy. It never ends.
- Novel Genetic Resources in the Genus Vigna Unveiled from Gene Bank Accessions. Japan sorts out its genebank. It really does never end.
- Uncoupling of sodium and chloride to assist breeding for salinity tolerance in crops. We’ve been breeding for exclusion of Na+, but we should be breeding for tolerance to it.
- How can higher-yield farming help to spare nature? By making sure that lower prices and/or higher profits don’t encourage agricultural expansion.
- Seed exchange networks, ethnicity, and sorghum diversity. Culture drives diversity.
Well, since we’re calling for paradigm shifts…
There’s a lot that’s both nice and deliciously ironic about IFPRI’s recent blog post “Granular socioeconomic data are increasingly becoming available in agricultural research.” This summarizes a letter to Nature Climate Change from HarvestChoice scientists which adds some nuance to a previous commentary in that journal calling on socioeconomists to up their data game. The point is a good one, and it’s stated right up front in the post, quoting the letter:
Spatially explicit, harmonized socio-economic data products are increasingly available to the public, such as population and poverty grids, microdata derived from national household surveys, and rasterized sociodemographic indicators. While these products are often overlooked in the economic literature, they are well suited to the study of climate’s impact on human geography across scales.
But, then comes the irony.
First, both the letter and the original article, helpfully linked to in the blog post, are of course behind paywalls. Second, the map included in the post is provided with an incorrect caption. There’s a screen grab here on the left. As you can see, the caption suggests that the map illustrates that childhood wasting is more prevalent in the drier areas of sub-Saharan Africa. But the map shows no such thing, as a glance at the legend, or indeed the map in the original letter, will prove. What the map caption should actually be is “Subnational Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data showing centroids of DHS clusters overlaid on Agro-ecological Zones.” Not quite so catchy. The map showing the relationship between wasting and agroecological zones is this one, and it’s in the Supplementary Materials to the letter. 1 I hope I don’t get into trouble for reproducing it here, but it is pretty cool.
And thirdly, and most importantly, frankly neither the socioeconomic datasets nor the agroecological map which the HarvestChoice researchers cleverly mashed up to make their point about data availability are exactly easy for the average non-GIS geek to use, let alone to combine. Try it and see.
The original paper calls for a “new paradigm in data gathering.” The blog post echoes the follow-up letter in saying “the paradigm shift is alive and kicking already.” Oh good. But I’d like to be able to look at the distribution of stunting and other nutritional indicators together with the distribution of different crops and varieties without having to beg a GIS person to do it for me, or spending half a day putzing around trying to understand what this means
Data layers are available in comma-separated values format (.csv) suitable for MSExcel, in ESRI ASCII Raster (.asc) and GeoTIFF formats (.tif) suitable for any desktop GIS tool. To view ASCII or GeoTIFF rasters in ArcMap or QuantumGIS simply drag and drop the downloaded files onto the layer pane.
Sure, have your paradigm shift in data gathering. But can I also have one in usability, please?
The status of wheat landraces in Tajikistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan
Six years in the making, FAO announced today the publication of surveys of wheat landraces in farmers’ fields in Tajikistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan. The work was done in collaboration with CIMMYT, ICARDA and national researchers. Although, perhaps surprisingly, dozens of landraces were still found — 162 distinct names in Turkey — they are certainly under threat:
Local landraces today account for less than 1 percent of total wheat production. Over the past 75 years, according to field surveys, the number of wheat landraces fell from 37 to 7 in Balikesir, a western province of Turkey.
Here’s the distribution of the landrace Zerun, according to the Turkey survey.
There are 14 accessions with this name listed in Genesys, and they do indeed come from the region in question, though mainly from close to roads (click to see better):
It was not clear to me from the report of the work in Turkey whether samples were taken for ex situ conservation, or at least genotypic comparison with existing accessions. But if this one landrace is anything to go by, there might still be scope for some gap-filling collecting.
Scylla, meet Charybdis
It is much more expensive to produce many diverse locally adapted varieties, and more time-consuming. So big seed companies generally narrow their focus to reduce costs. The more the seed and breeding industries and communities become concentrated in a few mega-companies, the more these harmful trends will be exacerbated. But we’re reducing our adaptability just at the moment when we will need it the most.
Yeah, well, ok, sure. But then there’s foundations. Right? Well…
For the foundations, it appears, the profitability of small farms remains more important than the amount of food they produce.
Ok, but how about public research sector?
Another global organisation over which the BMGF appears to exert strong influence is the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), a consortium of 15 research centres which is the world’s most influential network for agricultural research in developing countries.
What’s a poor farmer to do?
AnGR report ready for prime time
Some 17 percent (1,458) of the world's farm animal breeds are currently at risk of extinction: #UNFAO's new #AnimalGenetics report
— Food and Agriculture Organization (@FAO) January 27, 2016
The second report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture is being launched by FAO today. And you can watch it live! In a few minutes…
