Mathilda had a post a few days ago which caught my eye, but I forgot to nibble it. Better late than never. She discusses a recent paper reporting on the archaeological excavation of Uan Afuda and other Early Holocene sites of the Acacus mountains, in the Libyan Sahara, and in particular the layers of animal dung that excavations uncovered. The paper suggests that these “dung layers are related to a forced penning of a ruminant, very likely Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia),” and that this is evidence of delayed use of resources designed to cope with lean periods. Mathilda goes on to hypothesize that cattle domestication keeping ((See comment from Mathilda.)) may have started in the Sahara — before the growing of crops — in a similar way.
The spread of the ass
Great find by Mathilda: “The history and spread of donkeys in Africa,” by Roger Blench. It’s from the book Donkeys, people and development, edited by Paul Starkey and Denis Fielding. That came out of a 2004 Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa workshop. There’s lots of other interesting stuff on the network’s site, including a donkey bibliography.
In brief:
- domesticated probably in Egypt/Nubia at the beginning of the Neolithic in Africa, 6,500 years ago
- but perhaps several times in regions of its former range no longer represented by its present-day distribution
- expansion paralleled that of cultivated sorghum
LATER: And a thousand year later, on another continent, it’s the horse’s turn.
Nibbles: Fraxinus, Sheep, Fish, Potato, Chickens, Eden, Microlivestock, Saliva, Mashua, Vine
- Chinese ash seeds go to Ft Collins (et al.) to fight emerald ash borer.
- And also colonial sheep.
- One fish goes up, another down. That’s life, I guess.
- Potatoes fried by climate change?
- What chicken breed is right for you?
- Agrobiodiversity bears fruit at Eden!
- Fish and snail farming in West Africa.
- “The saliva microbiome does not vary substantially around the world.â€
- Mashed mashua, anyone?
- Earliest evidence of vine cultivation in China.
Millennial beans
Nice enough beans, ((And thanks to Bisse for letting me use her flickr pic.)) but is the story circulating about them really true?
The story of Anasazi beans varies, depending on who is telling it. In popular mythology, the beans were uncovered by an anthropologist, who discovered a 1,500 year old tightly sealed jar of the beans at a dig in New Mexico. Some of the beans germinated, and the new variety of bean entered cultivation again.
I tried to track the story down, and the closest I got to paydirt, I think, was a passage in Beans: A History by Ken Albala. But even that is pretty vague really. Archaeologists from UCLA somewhere in the midwest in the 1980s, or maybe 1950s, uncover a clay pot sealed with pine tar which they carbon date to 500 BCE. Some of the beans sprout and an intrepid businessman markets them. Yeah, right. To go back to the source of the previous quote:
Since most botanists agree that most beans are unable to germinate after approximately 50 years, it is more probable that the beans remained in constant cultivation in the Southwest, probably in Native American gardens, and that they were picked up by companies looking for new “boutique beans.”
There are plenty of companies marketing Anasazi beans now. But actually it is not impossible for legume seeds to keep their viability for more than 50 years — that’s what genebanks are for. And the dry, relatively cool conditions of an Arizona cave might just be good enough to ensure the survival of a few beans for centuries.
Nibbles: Easter Island, Quail, Kimchi, Assisted migration, Solar, Training materials, Ancient wine squared, Economics, Wild food
- People of Rapa Nui innovated as they collapsed.
- “Extinct” Bird Seen, Eaten. Sorry, National Geographic, but I can’t better that headline. Worthy of Fark.
- Kimchi madness.
- Coming to a protected are near you: moving species to save them from climate change. CWR, anyone?
- Shrinking the C footprint of traditional peanut processing. Via.
- 15 Evolutionary Gems: alas, nothing from crops, livestock. Surely domestication could have made it in there.
- “Bulgarian wine cellars have already announced that they will plant vines with the mysterious and newly recovered variety of grapes near the Orpheus tomb.”
- And more ancient wine, this time from Malta.
- Bioversity International wises up on dismal science, launches new economics webpages.
- Wild forest foods big hit at FAO booth at Lao and International Food Festival last weekend in Vientiane.