So apparently, according to various tweets, Prof. David Mabberley made an impassioned plea for crop wild relatives and genebanks during a panel discussion at the International Botanical Congress in Melbourne earlier today. Will try to find out more.
Taro leaf blight confirmed in Nigeria
We’ve blogged a few times about the emerging threat of taro leaf blight in West Africa, and what could be done about it. In case anyone was still in doubt about this threat, here comes the science.
The sequence analysis, morphological characteristics, and pathogenicity test confirmed the taro leaf blight pathogen as P. colocasiae. There are previous reports of occurrence of taro blight-like disease attributed to P. colocasiae in Ethiopia, Equatorial Guinea (1), and more recently in Cameroon, but comprehensive details on pathogen or disease are not available. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed record in Nigeria of P. colocasiae causing taro blight. This disease poses a serious threat to the production and biodiversity of this important food crop. Urgent interventions are necessary to halt this emerging epidemic in West and Central Africa.
One possible intervention of course, is introducing resistant varieties, and I believe some of the resistant material from various South Pacific breeding programmes has now arrived at IITA from the in vitro genebank at SPC’s Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees.
The history of the effort to breed resistant varieties is described in a recent ACIAR publication. Grahame Jackson, who was involved in the early stages of that work, had this to say about the article in a recent exchange of emails:
Interesting article; but it does not ask the hard, and perhaps more interesting questions: why did it take 5 years before there was a concerted effort to take the only route possible to solve the taro blight problem — to breed for resistance? … How many regional meetings were there over 5 years, until the start of TaroGen; how much money was wasted until a concerted effort was made to tackle the problem? … And in the meantime the Samoa farmers had solved their food insecurity: they had diversified into Alocasia, cassava, breadfruit, and rice. … More recently, another donor said of the disastrous epiphytotic of taro leaf blight in West Africa: “We get half a dozen emails a week describing some outbreak or other, mostly exaggerated. And anyway we can’t do anything until the countries ask.”
Shouldn’t be long now…
Brainfood: Chinese landscapes, Agroforestry seed, Italian lentils, Carrot heterosis, Taro in islands, Indian wheat, AnGR ex situ, Woodland shrines, Vitamin A, Caraway, Adansonia, Neotropical blueberries, Yeast genetics, Rotations
- Agricultural landscapes and biodiversity in China. Traditional farming practices good for biodiversity, modern bad. Therefore need intensification, to take pressure off natural habitats. But no, wait, that usually means monocultures and chemicals, which are bad. Oh crap. No mention of genebanks.
- Innovation in input supply systems in smallholder agroforestry: seed sources, supply chains and support systems. Decentralized commercial system probably best for getting quality agroforestry seed to smallholders. Unfortunately, nobody listening.
- Characterization of Italian lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) germplasm by agronomic traits, biochemical and molecular markers. I object in principle to any paper that says a particular landrace is “the best.”
- The relationship between heterosis and genetic distances based on RAPD and AFLP markers in carrot. It is positive. Was this really not known before in carrots? What am I missing?
- Genetic diversity of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) in Vanuatu (Oceania): an appraisal of the distribution of allelic diversity (DAD) with SSR markers. 10 villages, 344 landraces, 324 distinct multilocus genotypes, genetic pattern reflects social networks. Situation in Andaman Islands not quite so interesting.
- A study of genetic diversity among Indian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars released during last 100 years. More diversity after Green Revolution than before, but steadily decreasing.
- Ex situ conservation genetics: a review of molecular studies on the genetic consequences of captive breeding programmes for endangered animal species. Restricted access, and you know what? I couldn’t care less.
- Consequences of wooded shrine rituals on vegetation conservation in West Africa: a case study from the Bwaba cultural area (West Burkina Faso). I expect there are some, but with restricted access, what’s the point of even linking?
- Evaluating sweet potato as an intervention food to prevent Vitamin A deficiency. To have an effect, you’d have to replace all the other types with orange-fleshed ones. Well, almost. Wonder whether it will be presented at the “International Scientific Symposium on Food & Nutrition Security Information: From valid measurement to effective decision-making” early next year.
- Evaluation of variability of morphological traits of selected caraway (Carum carvi L.) genotypes. They’re actually breeding this stuff in Poland. But they had to get their germplasm from botanical gardens around Europe.
- Variation in baobab seedling morphology and its implications for selecting superior planting material. There is some.
- Edible Neotropical blueberries: antioxidant and compositional fingerprint analysis. The 5 species involved have different ones.
- Population genomics and speciation in yeasts. There’s a question as to whether yeast species in fact exist in any meaningful sense.
- Cereal–forage rotations effect on biochemical characteristics of topsoil and productivity of the crops in Mediterranean environment. Continuous cereal stressed the soil.
Nibbles: AnGR, Fruit trees, IBC18, Tree pollination, Solomon Islands and climate change, Octopus diversity, Seed saving
- Livestock diversity in the hands of FAO. No comment.
- Let them eat fruit!
- AoB breaks down International Botanical Congress 18 for us.
- Species-poor tree plantations could be good for conservation of rare tree found in remnant forest patches in Chile because they encourage pollinators to move on. Agriculture, on other hand, is bad because it lures generalist pollinators into staying. Nature, don’t you just love it?
- Climate-proofing the Solomon Islands to include “the isolation of crop species tolerant of high salinity, high rainfall, and drought.” Strewth.
- Marine diversity. (Only kidding.)
- Good advice on home seed saving from Suzanne Ashworth. She wrote the (a?) book.
Nibbles: Gaur, AnGR, Wild Plants blog, Potato genebank, Research, Forests, Climate change
- Cattle do the wild thing in Vietnam.
- West African Ruminant Livestock: The Movie.
- An interesting new botanical blog on me.
- Who says working in a genebank is unrewarding? Technician is honoured with award, and that is not an oca she’s fondling?
- Back40 dissects the trouble with agriculture; it isn’t dignified. Well, it is, but …
- Forests are really, really good for economies.
- Andy Jarvis pulls it all together: looking forward to a climatically less diverse world.