- Slate puts a fork in, well, the fork.
- Gotta love the Prairies.
- Mysterious Cattle Deaths Caused by GMO Grass: not GMO, not particularly mysterious.
- Gotta love the Spice Islands.
- How scientists can extract impact from their
navel-gazingresearch. - Gotta love online mapping platforms.
- Another journal starts a blog.
- Horses in agriculture, and history.
- Gotta love za’tar. It’s about thyme.
- Sweeter than sugar. Mauritius goes for fair trade and diversification.
- Dying for batik.
Nibbles: Beef, Dairy, Resilience and vulnerability, Seed systems, Irony beans, Genebanks in the news, Catch a fire, Amazon, Spanish gardens, Conservation, Work exchange
- What is the best beef in Europe?
- When was the first yoghurt of the Neolithic?
- How do you measure smallholder resilience? Or vulnerability, for that matter…
- How does this Kenyan seed story differ from this Malian one?
- How do you address iron deficiency in Rwanda?
- What’s the value of a genebank?
- There’s a downside to plant-derived smoke?
- So what’s the latest paradigm shift on that ancient-people-in-the-Amazon thing?
- How are the Spanish people coping with the crisis?
- How come those transcribed podcasting, medal winning conservationists still don’t get it?
- What are Ethiopians doing in Amazonia?
Nibbles: CWR video, Super barley, Banana fermentation, Cerrado, Indian genebank sell-off farrago, Pistacia, Potato disease
- Al Jazeera discovers wild relatives.
- The Scotsman discovers the laws of heredity.
- Diana uncovers banana beer.
- Rio +20 hacks discover the cerrado.
- Indian genebank discovers the market?
- JSTOR uncovers the pistachio.
- Scottish potato farmers discover new nemesis.
Wheat has become less nutritious since the mid-1960s
Following up on our recent post drawing attention to the overall decline in micronutrients in fruit and veg, here’s a 2008 paper dealing specifically with wheat. Ming-Sheng Fang and colleagues looked at levels of minerals in grain harvested from one of the longest-running agricultural experiments in the world, the Broadbalk Wheat Experiment. Not just grain, but soil too. And not just historical records — since 1843! — but a direct experiment growing an old variety alongside a modern one.
The paper ((Fan, M., Zhao, F., Fairweather-Tait, S., Poulton, P., Dunham, S., & McGrath, S. (2008). Evidence of decreasing mineral density in wheat grain over the last 160 years Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 22 (4), 315-324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2008.07.002)) is honestly a model of clarity; anyone can read and understand it. And the conclusion is pretty straightforward too.
The concentrations of zinc, iron, copper and magnesium remained stable between 1845 and the mid 1960s, but since then have decreased significantly, which coincided with the introduction of semi-dwarf, high-yielding cultivars. In comparison, the concentrations in soil have either increased or remained stable. Similarly decreasing trends were observed in different treatments receiving no fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers or organic manure. Multiple regression analysis showed that both increasing yield and harvest index ((Harvest Index is the ratio of the grain weight to the weight of the whole plant, and is higher in dwarf varieties.)) were highly significant factors that explained the downward trend in grain mineral concentration.
Here’s a picture.
And here’s a final, circumspect, conclusion.
Results from the present study suggest that the Green Revolution has unintentionally contributed to decreased mineral density in wheat grain, at least in the Broadbalk Experiment. The study of Garvin et al. [9] suggests that this may also be the case for US wheat.
There are a few other papers showing very similar effects, not all of them straightforward. The general conclusion — that environmental and genetic dilution effects have reduced the concentration of many micronutrients in modern varieties — surely stands.
Nibbles: Pests & Diseases, Cichorium, Agroforestry etc, Heritage oranges, Shepherds, ITPGRFA news
- Diversity protects against pests and diseases, especially when it is needed most.
- Amateur enthusiast cracks chicory biodiversity.
- Conservation Agriculture With Trees; it’s the new big thing in Africa.
- Saving the last orange grove in Orange County from destruction.
- Shepherds of the world; a slideshow from The Guardian.
- And — Oh Boy! — you can jump through some hoops to get a newsletter on the International Treaty of Plant Genetic Reso0urces for Food and Agriculture.