- Long-term effect of tillage, nitrogen fertilization and cover crops on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content. No till is better than conservation tillage.
- Catalase is a key enzyme in seed recovery from ageing during priming. It sure is. Good to know.
- Sustainable agriculture: A case study of a small Lopez Island farm. The authors conclude: “the need for future targeted nutrient inputs cannot be ruled out for sustainable long-term production”.
- Evolution of the knowledge system for agricultural development in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. They’re innovative, and diversity promotes agility.
- Changes in phenolic compounds in garlic (Allium sativum L.) owing to the cultivar and location of growth. Don’t hold your breath; only 10 varieties.
- Morpho-physiological and nutritional characterization of rice bean (Vigna umbellata). Now that’s what I call science; 30 varieties.
- Rural livestock asset portfolio in northern Ethiopia: a microeconomic analysis of choice and accumulation. Many, many factors come into play.
- Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)-based strip intercropping: I. Interspecific interactions and yield advantage. Almost every intercrop improves yield and bottom line.
- Should payments for biodiversity conservation be based on action or results? A model says: “It depends.”
Yo! Pavlovsk Politicos! Listen up!
Some of the accessions investigated by the project are nutritionally much more valuable than others. Thanks to the project, we know which berries they are. Thanks to Pavlovsk, we have the berries. On that basis alone, surely they’re more valuable than the land they occupy on the outskirts of St Petersburg. Let’s hope that the project team is successful in getting that policy message across tomorrow.
The Vaviblog reports on the first day of an important meeting, a round-up of the project on Conservation, characterization and evaluation for nutrition and health of vegetatively propagated crop collections at the Vavilov Institute.
Nibbles: Australia, China, Turkey, Slovenia, Soybeans, Grapes, Consultation
- Australian breeders discover the joys of participatory breeding — for Oz farmers too.
- Chinese biodiversity symposium a huge success.
- Weird, and weirdly broken, GEF Small Grants Programme reports on a Turkish landrace project. Why here? Why now?
- “Biodiversity: why should we care?” Slovenia’s answers.
- Soybean ability to use iron affects its ability to use nitrogen. Full paper here.
- Missouri grapes to save the world. Show me!
- First ever Regional Consultation for the Strengthening, Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in the Pacific Island Countries kicked off yesterday. Where are our people on the spot?
What are species worth?
…wild species continue to be the mother lode of genetic material for making agricultural crops more productive, or more resistant to pests, disease, and drought.
Well, it’s not much, and the few, admittedly unsatisfactory, figures we have on their monetary value are not quoted, but it is good to see crop wild relatives mentioned so explicitly in a discussion of the value of biodiversity.
Diversity at your service
More from a participant at the 6th Henry A. Wallace/CATIE Inter-American Scientific Conference on “Agrobiodiversity in Mesoamerica — From Genes to Landscapes” at CATIE in Costa Rica.
The ecologists at the Wallace Symposium today waded deeply into the functional role of diversity in agricultural systems. How much diversity do we need in order to get the full benefit of ecosystem services? Is some diversity redundant? What is the trade-off between a world of all things bright and beautiful and one of increased yields, healthy children and growing economies?
Prof. Teja Tscharntke of the Georg-August University in Göttingen presented numerous studies to illustrate the importance of at least a certain amount of wild biodiversity within or in close proximity to agricultural systems. In Andean potato systems, simpler landscapes, lacking heterogeneity in natural habitats, led to higher levels of the pestilential tuber moth and reduction in yields. Coffee systems in Indonesia near natural forest had higher bee species diversity and higher levels of seed set. Hand pollination of cacao had remarkably higher impacts on yields compared to the effects of other major variables, indicating the supreme importance of the near invisible midges that pollinate one of the most revered crops in the world.
But just how much of this wild biodiversity we need, and in what form, are just two of the many questions that are being posed. Teja brought up the SLOSS debate, dating back to the 1970s, of whether single, large or several small reserves will conserve more biodiversity. His findings suggest that many small habitats capture more heterogeneity. Fabrice DeClerck was back with a study of the relationship between species richness and function, using food crops as a model. In a study of households in Sauri in Kenya, he categorized food crops according to the nutrient services they provided — whether high in carbohydrates or proteins or specific vitamins, etc. Not surprisingly, functional richness (i.e. provision of all the major nutrients) was not necessarily associated with the highest species richness. You don’t have to grow everything to get your daily needs of protein and carbs, and for some nutrients (e.g. vitamin C) there is more species redundancy than others (e.g. folates). Well, I guess you had to be there!
The functional role of agrobiodiversity changes as you move from species to landscapes, and few principles can be transported across scales or systems. But that doesn’t stop a little healthy application of diversity when it’s needed. There was a nice case study of the use of plant diversity in and around Costa Rican farms of Dracaena to reduce pest populations that were causing exports of the ornamental plants to be held up by the US quarantine service. Secondary forest or certain types of cover crop can host populations of natural predators to the cicadellid pests. Consequently, the healthy plants passed through quarantine without a hitch and increased Costa Rica’s export revenues.