How dirty might a mulberry garden have been?

Luigi’s earlier item on HM The Queen’s mulberry collection jogged a few memories loose. Like John Evelyn’s famous mulberry down in Deptford, often erroneously associated with Peter the Great.

Search for “John Evelyn mulberry,” however, and the top item is likely to be this well-worn quote from his diaries:

“Mulberry Garden, now the only place of refreshment about the town for persons of the best quality to be exceedingly cheated at.”

That doesn’t sound right for a royal orchard, but if, as instructed by Luigi, you read the full story of those mulberries, you might have been intrigued by one sentence:

The Mulberry Garden itself was in existence for a number of years and latterly became a pleasure ground before being swept away in the rebuilding of the house.

A pleasure ground? Ah, now we’re getting somewhere on the cheating front. Further searching, however, reveals little more of interest. There’s a Restoration comedy by Sir Charles Sedley, which Samuel Pepys didn’t think much of. Nor did he think much of the garden itself (which his modern-day amanuensis seems unable to locate).

James’ mulberry garden was planted after 1609. The Mulberry Garden was first performed in 1668. In the meantime, the plot to build a silk empire had failed. And by 1649 one Clement Walker, in his Anarchia Anglicana: or the history of independency, refers to “new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James’s”.

Just the place for a person of the best quality to be exceedingly cheated.

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Food globalization under Mowbray’s Cupola

cupolaOne of the highlights of my recent trip to India was dinner with Prof. Swaminathan and some of his colleagues at the Madras Club. That’s me under the club’s famed 18th century cupola. The Madras Club is reputed to be the birthplace of mulligatawny soup, so I was planning a post showing how this quintessentially Indian concoction illustrates global interdependence in food products, complete with map of the worldwide origin of the ingredients. A map like this.

Map your Recipe

But it was Italian night, and I had minestrone.

Outsourcing rice germplasm collecting

swami coverOne of the highlights of my recent trip to India was receiving a copy of the booklet “M.S. Swaminathan in Conversation with Nitya Rao” from the great man himself. Sure, you can of course download the thing in PDF. But my copy is signed :)

Anyway, there’s lots of interesting stuff in there about Prof. Swaminathan’s life and career, a career that included a number of very high level positions in agricultural research and development in India (which earned him the title of “Father of the Green Revolution in India,” among other things), but also a very successful stint as director general of IRRI. Given Prof. Swaminathan’s lifelong interest in genetic resources conservation, it came as no surprise to see the IRRI genebank mentioned a number of times.

What was surprising, at least to me, were the somewhat unconventional methods that were sometimes used to make sure that endangered diversity did in fact reach the genebank. Here’s a snippet, you can find more on page 53.

Burma, now Myanmar, has a lot of germplasm, similar to what we have in our North East. However, this was not collected because these were very disturbed areas. When I went to Myanmar from IRRI, I told General Yu Gong that he should give some protection to our collectors. ‘Why Swaminathan, why do you want to send your people? You train my soldiers on how to collect and what to collect, and they will do this for you’. We made a very good programme, I was there for the first two days. T. T. Chang ran the programme, explaining to the generals and the soldiers how to collect what we call ‘passport data’ about the plant. They collected about 9,000 varieties. I must give credit to General Yu Gong for opening my eyes to this potential.

I have in the past mused about decentralized approaches to collecting for ex situ conservation (see, for example, slide 19 in these training materials on germplasm collecting methods and strategies), but I have to admit that using the military never even occurred to me.