Mystery plant; can you help?

To Ferrara for the weekend, and two plant ID mysteries.

Frontispiece dello scalco In the Castello di Ferrara — a wondrous building — is a room dedicated to court banquets and the like. It featured extracts from an early how-to guide, Giovanni Battista’s Dello Scalco, published in 1584. There were also enlargements of images to do with food and banquets. Actually, the entire castle exhibit made great use of enlarged images, which worked rather well, I thought. But I digress. Among the images was the one I reproduce below.

“Whisky foxtrot tango,” I thought to myself. What is it? Could it possibly be a horned melon, kiwano, or Cucumis metuliferus? Hard to say. But having taken a snap of that and the frontispiece of the book, I figured I’d be able to find out later. ((The “English” of the castle’s translations unfortunately made my eyes bleed.)) It was not to be. Despite finding a gloriously usable scanned copy of the book, I couldn’t see any plates. And if it wasn’t from that book, I wasn’t sure where to look. Another manual from the same time didn’t have any plates either.

Of course I sent it to my friend Mr Peanut, who sent it to some of his cucurbit friends, and an answer may yet arrive. In the meantime, however, what can you tell me about it?

Nibbles: Gourd, Climate, Khasi, Diet, Mauka, Diseases

Farmers spread with farming

I was going to attempt to read and comment on a recent paper in PLOS Biology myself, but fortunately smarter people than me, who understand the subject better, got there first. So all I need to do is point you to Razib Khan’s explanation of how recent DNA analyses confirm “tentatively” the idea that farming didn’t spread into Europe as a result of people imitating their neighbours. Instead, the DNA suggests that spread was:

[A] classic demic diffusion process. This is basically a very simple model whereby farmers with larger population growth rates expand into the “space” of hunter-gatherers.

Now to do the same with their crops and livestock?