Nibbles: Sprouts, Mice, Prices, Prices, Prices, Prices, Gooseberry, Fruits, Fruits, Subsidies, Climate change, Fruits again, Culture, Irrigation

They shoot horses, don’t they?

Ok, that’s just a provocative way of introducing an interesting review in Trends in Ecology and Evolution describing how harvesting from animal populations can affect their genetic make-up. 1 The following three types of genetic change are highlighted:

  1. strengthening or collapse of population structure
  2. genetic erosion
  3. selection

The take-home message is that management plans should recognize that harvesting changes not just the demography but also the genetics of populations. Very important for sustainable management of fisheries etc., but I bring it up here because it got me thinking: are any wild relatives of livestock exploited through harvesting? Things like these cute pigs, for example. And would the conclusions be very different for plants?

Nibbles: Maize, CWRs, CBD, Icelandic food, Coffee, Incense, Biodiversity Day, Medicinals, Farmers’ rights

Pollinator diversity, pollination services and landscape change

That’s the title (or part of it) of a guest editorial 2 in the latest issue of the Journal of Applied Ecology which introduces a Special Profile entitled “Pollination and Pollinators” (mainly bees, actually).

The papers in this Special Profile cover several of these topics: two papers address the impact of habitat fragmentation and semi-natural landscape elements for population densities, species richness and community composition of bees (Brosi et al. 2008; Osborne et al. 2008). The next three papers focus on the combined effects of local and landscape-scale land use intensity and semi-natural or natural landscape elements on pollinators (Kohler et al. 2008; Rundlöf, Bengtsson & Smith 2008; Winfree et al. 2008). The last two papers focus on pollination functions and consider cross-pollination rates in a major crop (Devaux et al. 2008) and plant–pollinator networks in heathlands (Forup et al. 2008).

The papers are behind paywalls, but the abstracts are still quite useful.

I guess the overall message is that “land use intensification and habitat fragmentation do not only affect pollinator diversity and abundance, but also pollination services” because “pollination success of insect-pollinated plant species is usually not dependent on single, highly specialized pollinator species, but rather on a diverse community of pollinators.” In some places, of course, bees have lots more to contend with.

Nibbles: Tea, Commodity dependence, Wild pigs, Organic ag, Fungus