What we’ve tried to do on a couple of occasions is look at conferences or publications of perhaps only slight overall agrobiodiversity interest and highlight the little bits that do fit here. So it’s nice when someone does it for us. The Ecological Society of America‘s 94th Annual Meeting is currently on in Albuquerque, New Mexico and, among all the other stuff, there’s a session presenting “ideas on how our agricultural practices can take lessons from natural environments.” Fortunately, EurekAlert is there, with summaries of presentations on turning annual crops into perennials, landscape diversity and pest enemies, and reduced tilling and soil microbe diversity. ESA has a blog, EcoTone, as well as a stable of journals. Nature’s blogger is also at the conference.
Featured: Pollan
Onkel Bob is the latest to comment on that recent post on agri-intellectualism:
Pollan is a journalist, not a scientist nor an agronomist. He observes and reports. Sometimes he gets things wrong, but it is an error of interpretation and analysis, not a deliberate action on his part. Pollan tends to embellish and polish with the intention of making the product more readable. Alas, such practices tend to lose the accuracy science strives to achieve.
But…read the rest.
Swaminathan says genebanks vital to cope with climate change
Gene banks are critical to preserving the biodiversity needed to develop crops that can cope with climate change, says agricultural scientist M. S. Swaminathan.
‘Nuff said, I think.
Nibbles: Cacao, Soil mapping, Rice terraces, Maize, Cereus
- “USDA’s Bourlaug International Science Fellows Program has partnered with non-profit and for-profit organizations to identify new agricultural techniques for cocoa cultivation and to control cocoa diseases.” And do some conservation and breeding, surely.
- Big shots call for a decent global digital soil map. Seconded.
- Cool photos of rice agricultural landscapes.
- Roasting maize, Mexico style. Oh yeah, there’s also a nifty new maize mapping population out.
- Peruvian apple cactus doing just fine in Israel.
Wild cassava genetics used to document past changes in vegetation
Was southern French Guiana always forested, a refugium for forest species, or was it dominated by more open vegetation during drier, glacial times? A recent paper in Molecular Ecology tries to decide between these competing hypothesis, and the interesting thing for us at the Agricultural Biodiversity Weblog is that it does so through a genetic study of a crop wild relative. 1
Manihot esculenta ssp. flabellifolia is the closest wild relative of cassava. It is “distributed on an arc partly encircling the Amazon basin, from eastern Bolivia and Peru eastward to northeastern Brazil, northward to the Guianas and then westward to Venezuela.” Its habitat is the transition zone between forest and cerrado in the south, and open environments such as savannas and rocky outcrops in the north. In French Guiana, which was the focus of the study, it is found both in the coastal strip, and on isolated granitic outcrops (inselbergs) in the forested south, with a large gap in between.
Seven microsatellite loci were used to investigate the genetic relationships among 14 populations, 4 from inselbergs and the rest from the coast. The results are pretty easily summarized. First, the inselberg populations were very similar to each other. Second, they were quite different as a group from the coastal populations. Finally, the coastal populations were highly differentiated among themselves.
So, what do these results tell us about the past vegetation history of the region? One conclusion was that the coastal populations (which incidentally, in contrast to the inselberg populations, showed some evidence of introgression from the crop) are relatively recent, and arrived from savannas to the west through a series of bottlenecks, rather than from the south. As for the southern inselberg populations, given the limited range of pollen and seed flow, they seem to be the remnants of a formerly more extensive, fairly homogeneous population. 2 That suggests that southern French Guiana was drier and had a more open vegetation before the Late Glacial Maximum 10,000 years ago. There was probably a forest refugium in the central part of the country, but not in the south.
Assuming, of course, that the adaptation of the species hasn’t changed much along the way. It remains to be seen whether the same pattern will be found in other taxa. Perhaps other species of agrobiodiversity interest will be investigated in the same way.