Serious amateur breeding

Plant breeding need not be the high-tech, white-coated affair many people think it is. After all, for most of the history of agriculture, it wasn’t. Serious amateurs, in the true sense of the word, can make huge contributions.

We’ve written before about Rebsie Fairholm‘s pea breeding. Two others doing fine work are Rhizowen and Tom Wagner, and there are new accounts of both of their endeavours. Rhizowen modestly claims to have “the largest collection of oca germplasm in the whole county of Cornwall” as he brings us up to date with his efforts to breed a better Andean tuber. Tom Wagner’s speciality is the Solanaceae; we have him to thank for Green Zebra tomato, and many others. A current project is to breed a potato more resistant to late blight disease. The high-tech, white-coated gene jockeys are attempting the same trick, and Patrick at Bifurcated Carrots compares and contrasts the two approaches. While I don’t agree with everything he says, I do agree that a coordinated and widespread effort by amateur growers to assess Tom Wagner’s crosses is a fine idea. Patrick says that the UK trials of GM blight-resistant potatoes have a security fence that cost GBP20,000 and a 24 hour security guard. “If we had the money invested in the UK security fence alone, we could dramatically expand our trials not to mention offset some of our expenses,” he points out.

Where are the participatory plant breeding wallahs when you need them?

Nibbles: Sunberry, CGIAR, Climate change, Ecosystem services, Sorghum beer, Turkeys, Ireland

A plan to keep cacao alive in Ivory Coast, but for how long?

A long article in the Financial Times a few days ago described the woes of the Ivorian cacao industry. Fundamentally, it’s down to old, and therefore increasingly sick and unproductive, trees. And the quantity squeeze is forcing farmers to compromise on quality.

All this is important because Ivory Coast accounts for 39% of the world’s cacao production. A “chocolate crisis” is looming. And companies like Nestlé are worried. They employ a small army of agronomists, breeders and extensionists just to guarantee their supply of raw materials.

Hence their “Cocoa Plan” to replant 12 million trees (out of a total of 2 billion in the country) over the next decade at a cost of almost $100 million. A monumental task for a crop grown by hundreds of thousands of smallholders. The article does not go into detail on the varieties that are being used in the replanting, beyond saying that they are not GMOs and that the plantlets

…have already been nicknamed “Mercedes” for their supposedly upmarket quality. “They grow very, very quickly,” says Jebouet Kouassi, a 43-year-old who runs one of Nestlé’s nurseries in Ivory Coast.

Neither, alas, does the Cocoa Plan’s website. Elsewhere I found this:

The seedlings will be produced from high-yield and resistant varieties by somatic embryogenesis, which produce replicas of high performance cocoa trees, with high yield and high resistance to disease.

I hope that the narrowing of genetic diversity that this approach seems to imply will not store up problems for the future.

Nibbles: Sugarcane breeding, Caterpillar mushroom, Saharan honeybees, Vodka taste, Cotton genetic resources, African savannah ag, Organic videos