- The Brazil nut needs its pollinators.
- How USDA protects plant varieties.
- American dogs are Asian, not European.
IndiaNepal working out how to implement the ITPGRFA.- Kerala’s vegetable terrace gardeners.
- Haven’t heard much about Ug99 lately, have we? Doesn’t mean people aren’t keeping a careful eye on it.
- Climate change 10,000 times faster than vertebrate evolution.
- Why quinoa is not “taking over the world.”
- Not even New Zealand. Though not for want of trying.
- In the meantime, soybeans taking over Africa?
- Aquaculture that’s sustainable and ancient. Includes taro fish ponds, which for some reason seem to me cool beyond measure.
Nibbles: Bahamian pigs, Llamas far from home, Ugandan aquaponics, Better broccoli, African atlas, Chinese sesame imports, Root & tuber maps, NZ genebank access
- The next big livestock thing is swimming pigs.
- Or maybe llamas. Not swimming ones, mind, settle down.
- Nope, it’s farmed fish. Which do swim, though not very far.
- Meanwhile, Cornell re-engineers broccoli.
- And HarvestChoice puts out an African atlas. Online resources coming in due course.
- Which does not show you sesame cultivation in Ethiopia, alas, at least not yet, let’s wait for the online version.
- Speaking of atlases, RTBMaps is in Beta. I’ll have to play with it and get back to you.
- New Zealand changes genebank rules to speed up forage breeding. To do with quarantine rather than ABS, though.
Some reaction to ILRI call for global livestock genebank
A recent Q&A with Jimmy Smith, Director General of the International Livestock Research Center (ILRI), included this exchange:
Q. ILRI is calling for the creation of a livestock gene bank. What would it look like and how could it benefit people?
A. There are many gene banks for crops around the world, but we have no such facility for livestock breeds native to developing countries, even though animal diversity in those countries is being eroded in the same way as plant diversity…
That’s only the beginning of a longish answer, which you can read in full on SciDevNet. It elicited the following response on the DAD-Net (Domestic Animal Diversity Network) mailing list from Michèle Tixier-Boichard, chair of the French cryobank at INRA, which we quote here in full with her permission.
The advertisement for the ‘first world gene bank’ at ILRI deserves some remarks.
It is generally an excellent idea to set up genebanks for livestock, both for research and for the management of animal genetic diversity in complementarity with in situ management of populations.
Fortunately, it is not the first time that some countries think of that. For instance in Europe, several countries have a cryobank coupled with DNA samples. ((Ed.: Same in the US also, for that matter.))
In France, a national infrastructure project called ‘CRB-Anim’ has been funded from 2012 to 2019 to set up a network of biological resources centers for 22 species of livestock and companion animals. The aim is to collect, characterize, secure and distribute semen, embryos, DNA, RNA, tissues, for research as well as for the management of genetic diversity of livestock species.
In order to go beyond the national scale, a bottom-up approach is generally preferable to set up a regional network between national gene banks, with harmonisation and standardisation of procedures, sharing of technologies, distribution of samples… The system of automatic delivery which has been set up for some plant genetic resources by CGIAR international centers does not meet the current requirements of the livestock community. Ownership and principles for access and benefit sharing are not considered by the livestock community in the same terms as they are by the plant community, animal breeds are generally considered as club goods rather than public goods, particularly local breeds. So, there is a need for coordination and exchange of knowledge and practise between livestock gene banks, including the possibility of duplication for safety, rather than for systematic globalisation.
Centralisation of resources in a unique gene bank raises a number of major issues that may trigger opposition from many stakeholders, that must consider the Nagoya protocol, and, in any case, will require thorough discussions that should take place under the leadership of FAO.
Some interesting points there, in particular highlighting the differences that exist at the policy level between crop and livestock genetic resources conservation. I suspect that what is meant by the “automatic delivery which has been set up for some plant genetic resources by CGIAR international centers” is the “facilitated access” allowed for under the Multilateral System of the International Treaty, and I confess I had no idea that the livestock conservation community had such reservations about that approach. Dr Smith did not mention the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources process being led by FAO in his answers, but one of the key people involved, Irene Hoffmann, chief of Animal Genetic Resources at FAO, is quoted in an accompanying SciDevNet piece on the technical challenges involved in setting up a global livestock bank. However, it’s not quite clear whether the following statement on the possible policy hurdles, which comes right after that quote, reflects Dr Hoffman’s views or is an impression gathered by the writer of the article from other sources.
There is also the issue of ownership, as some countries do not want to deposit what they consider their national heritage into a global genebank.
Either way, ILRI will have its work cut out.
Nibbles: CePaCT aroids, Chinese pigs, Vanuatu banana processing, Yam meeting, AAB meeting, Araucaria, Aquaculture, Malting barley, CIRAD baobab videos, US wine, Ancient grains, Barcode centre
- The Pacific pushes out its taros.
- China holds on to its pigs.
- Vanuatu preserves its bananas.
- The world talks about yams in particular. And crop breeding in general.
- How Britain got its monkey puzzles.
- Bangladesh goes for mola culture. But not only.
- Australia puts money into beer.
- France gets into the whole baobab factsheet thing, but with a video twist.
- Virginia makes wine. With infographic goodness.
- UK tries to slow down its food.
- Canada barcodes everything.
Saying good-bye to Gorm Emberland
Yet more bad news from USDA. Gary Kinard has just informed us of the death of Gorm Emberland. We reproduce his email below. Like Mark Bohning, who also tragically passed away only a few weeks back, Gorm worked at the National Germplasm Resources Laboratory in Beltsville, MD. He was an IT specialist, and I first met him many, many years ago, in Trinidad I think it was, during a training course on pcGRIN, a desktop version of the USDA’s genebank documentation system that he largely wrote. That had some success at the time, and led to a continuing interest on USDA’s part in supporting genebanks around the world in managing their data. The latest evidence of that is, of course, GRIN-Global. Our thoughts are with Gorm’s family and colleagues.
I am tremendously saddened to share with you the news that Gorm Emberland, an IT Specialist with the National Germplasm Resources Laboratory in Beltsville, MD, died this morning at age 54 in Georgetown University Hospital in Washington D.C. Gorm had a chronic medical condition that had worsened over the past several months; he contracted pneumonia recently and things got steadily worse over the last several days.
Gorm was a lead software developer on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) system that is used by the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), and which also supports the entire ARS genetic resource collections. A significant amount of the software that is used by the NPGS today was written by Gorm. He was a productive and dedicated developer who was passionate about his career.
Gorm first started with ARS as an undergraduate student employee in 1978, working in the computer room at the National Agricultural Library. He obtained a B.S. degree in Zoology from the University of Maryland-College Park in 1981. He was captivated by the emerging field of computer science and obtained a B.S. degree in it, also from UMD, in 1986 while he concurrently worked for several local private computer companies. In 1991, he returned to ARS as an IT Specialist in the National Germplasm Resources Lab to work on the GRIN project. He was the lead developer on a project called pcGRIN that shared our information management system freely with international genebanks. Gorm was well known and highly regarded among both the U.S. and international plant genetic resource communities.
This news especially painful for those of us in the NPGS, coming less than 8 weeks after the death of another long time NGRL employee — Mark Bohning. Gorm and Mark were friends and colleagues for more than 22 years. This is a difficult time for many who knew them both, the sudden loss of 55 years of collective experience working with our Agency’s genetic resource collections, and another wonderful person to die much too young.
Gorm is survived by his wife, Dr. Joan Emberland; a daughter, Annie; and a son, Colin. In addition, the entire BARC family grieves with Chris Pooley, an IT Specialist in the BARC IT and Soybean Genomics and Improvement Lab groups, who was Gorm’s brother-in-law.