- Broad-scale adaptive genetic variation in alpine plants is driven by temperature and precipitation. AFLP variation linked to precipitation and temperature across 13 Alpine species.
- Current state of knowledge on indigenous chicken genetic resources of the tropics: domestication, distribution and documentation of information on the genetic resources. There are three relevant databases on chickens, and yet…
- Genetic diversity and parentage in farmer varieties of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) from Honduras and Nicaragua as revealed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. 70 SNPs enough to confirm 5 morphological groups, but also pick up the odd synonym.
- Molecular diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Pistacia vera, Pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica and Pistacia khinjuk using SRAP markers. The species are pretty good.
- Biofortified, selenium enriched, fruit and cladode from three Opuntia Cactus pear cultivars grown on agricultural drainage sediment for use in nutraceutical foods. It pays to grow prickly pear on crappy soil.
- Hotspots of diversity of wild Australian soybean relatives and their conservation in situ. Looks like it’s Kimberley.
- Community-based alternative breeding plans for indigenous sheep breeds in four agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia. They’re ok, but you do have to keep good records.
- Diverse genetic basis of field-evolved resistance to Bt cotton in cotton bollworm from China. Gene jockeys need to go back to drawing board. No, wait.
- Bioactive compounds and nutritional significance of virgin argan oil–an edible oil with potential as a functional food. Jolly high in just about everything that’s good for you, more research needed, yada yada yada.
Nibbles: Transitions edition
- Maize geneticist and forage breeder among USDA’s Agricultural Research Service Scientist of the Year winners.
- BBC man lands top Kew job.
- Elinor Ostrom RIP.
- If the wormwood don’t get you, the groundsel will. A tale of two wild Asteraceae.
- Foxtail Millet Offers Clues for Assembling the Switchgrass Genome. So that’s what millet is good for.
Nibbles: Pests & Diseases, Cichorium, Agroforestry etc, Heritage oranges, Shepherds, ITPGRFA news
- Diversity protects against pests and diseases, especially when it is needed most.
- Amateur enthusiast cracks chicory biodiversity.
- Conservation Agriculture With Trees; it’s the new big thing in Africa.
- Saving the last orange grove in Orange County from destruction.
- Shepherds of the world; a slideshow from The Guardian.
- And — Oh Boy! — you can jump through some hoops to get a newsletter on the International Treaty of Plant Genetic Reso0urces for Food and Agriculture.
Brainfood: Barcoding, DArT for beans, SNOPs for Cacao, Aquaculture impacts, Cassava GS, Cereals in genebanks, Symbiosis
- A critical review on the utility of DNA barcoding in biodiversity conservation. Not bad, but not by itself.
- A whole genome DArT assay to assess germplasm collection diversity in common beans. It works, and can distinguish Andean from Mesoamerican accessions.
- Optimization of a SNP assay for genotyping Theobroma cacao under field conditions. It works, and is being used in Ghana.
- A Global Assessment of Salmon Aquaculture Impacts on Wild Salmonids. Meta-analysis shows farming salmon and trout in an area has in general been bad for their wild relatives there.
- Genome-wide selection in cassava. High correlations between SNPs and several phenotypic traits of interest to breeders mean that selection time could be cut by half. Could.
- Cereal landraces genetic resources in worldwide GeneBanks. A review. We don’t have enough data. On so many different levels.
- Coevolutionary genetic variation in the legume-rhizobium transcriptome. Wait, does this mean we should be conserving Rhizobium too?
The final word on why biodiversity loss is bad
There’s a pile of papers on my desk. In a corner of my desk, actually, where I don’t have to look at them too often. Here are their titles:
- Minimal increase in genetic diversity enhances predation resistance.
- Plant diversity improves protection against soil-borne pathogens by fostering antagonistic bacterial communities.
- High plant diversity is needed to maintain ecosystem services.
- The functional role of producer diversity in ecosystems.
- Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology.
- Does plant diversity benefit agroecosystems? A synthetic review.
- Genotypic richness and dissimilarity opposingly affect ecosystem functioning.
I just added one yesterday: “Meta-analysis at the intersection of evolutionary ecology and conservation.” You’ve spotted the trend, right? I was planning to write about the whole bunch of them together, a mega-post on the latest thinking on the relationship between biodiversity on the one hand and ecosystem health on the other. They’ve been there for months. I just haven’t been able to get round to them, what with one thing and another. Like work, mainly. And maybe a bit of laziness.
But there’s an upside to prevarication. You wait long enough to do something, if the thing is really important, you’ll find someone does it for you. And so it has proved on this occasion, because “Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity” has just come out in Nature, and it provides a comprehensive review of the sort of papers that have been sitting in that corner of my desk, lots of them, going back years.
Which means all I need to do here is further summarize the already admirably succinct synthesis that the authors provide. ((Apart from maybe also sending you to Mongabay.com for their take.)) And that I think I can do in a few bullet-points:
- Loss of biodiversity (really loss of diversity in functional traits) decreases the efficiency and stability of ecosystems.
- The impacts of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning are big, accelerating and predictable.
- Biodiversity is predictably positively correlated with the provisioning of some ecosystem services, but the data in the case of other services is either mixed, insufficient or runs counter to expectation.
And yes, the dataset included crops, and here’s the snippet of the summary table that deals with agrobiodiversity and ecosystem services: ((“Data presented here are summarized as follows: green, actual data relationships agree with predictions; yellow, Data show mixed results; red, data conflict with predictions. Exp, experimental; N, number of data points; Obs, observed; SPU, service providing unit (where natural enemies include predators, parasitoids and pathogens).”))
No doubt about the importance of genetic diversity to yield, though surprisingly mixed results for species diversity. But look at the numbers of data points involved (N): 575 data syntheses (DS) for genetic diversity and 100 for species diversity. Makes that pile of papers I’ve been avoiding look rather puny. And me not just a bit lazy.