Category: Genetic diversity

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The State of the World’s PGRFA

I’ve spent much of the day wondering what on Earth can usefully be said about the 2nd report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, published today by FAO. Not a lot, I suspect, without wading through the entire tome. So what does FAO think is important?

Jacques Diouf, Director General of FAO, had this to say:

Increasing the sustainable use of plant diversity could be the main key for addressing risks to genetic resources for agriculture.

Sorry Jacques, old chum, but I just can’t quite seem to parse that one.

The report “does not attempt to quantify biodiversity loss,” for which we must be grateful, although the press release reminds us of FAO’s estimate that “75 percent of crop diversity was lost between 1900 and 2000” and “predicts that as much as 22 percent of the wild relatives of important food crops of peanut, potato and beans will disappear by 2055 because of a changing climate.” Right.

Genebank numbers and accessions are up, so those entries in the long-term memory have to be scrubbed and updated. 1750 genebanks, 130 have more than 100,000 accessions, 7.4 million samples, 6.6 million in national genebanks, 45 percent in just 7 countries, down from 12 in 1996. But hey, that’s probably rationalisation at work, because “in 2008, the ultimate back-up of global crop diversity, the Svalbald [sic] Global Seed Vault, opened in Norway”.

Carping aside, the report is a useful compendium of country reports (each downloadable as a separate PDF) and specially-commissioned thematic background studies (ditto) all served from an easy-to-use website (although the Picture Gallery doesn’t work for me yet).

Definitely an A for effort, then.

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Nibbles: Apple Diversity, Sorghum, Ugandan organics, Cows, CABI, Giant pumpkin, Nutrigenomics, SOTW2

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Hey, Michelle, how about planting some of Obama’s heritage?

An article on an NBC website explains that Michelle Obama’s White House Garden contains lots of varieties from Thomas Jefferson’s gardens at Monticello, in nearby Virginia. Jefferson’s memory has accreted a whole lot of factoids, but it is undeniable that he was keenly interested in agricultural biodiversity and tried all sorts of things out at Monticello, many of them new to the new country. He also most famously said:

“The greatest service which can be rendered any country is to add a useful plant to its [agri]culture.”

Michelle’s example is surely inspiring different behaviour to do with gardening and eating, not to mention edible diversity. So just think what a message it would send if she grew some of the local traditional vegetables of hubby Barack’s native Kenya? These crops were long neglected by rural and urban dwellers alike because they were perceived as backward? They are slowly making a comeback, thanks in part to celebrity endorsements. An endorsement by the Obamas would top them all.

Call us! We can help.

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Nibbles: Studentship, Cowpeas, Chocolate, Quinoa, Rice in Madagascar, Jackfruit, Wheat breeding, Indian diversity

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Shades of blue, Tokyo style

The Human Flower Project reports on a DIY indigo-dyeing shop in the heart of Tokyo. A fine idea, for all sorts of reasons. It puts people in touch with a natural, plant-based dye and offers us a chance to talk about agricultural biodiversity and even plant biochemistry.

The Human Flower Project’s page shows a photograph of the source of indigo labelled Polygonum tinctorium, also known as Chinese indigo. I fondly remember visiting an indigo demonstration dyer near Toulouse, in France, that sourced the dye from woad, Isatis tinctoria. And then there’s the Asian (or true, sic) indigo, Indigofera tinctoria. Native American tribes apparently used other legumes closely related to true indigo for their blue dyes.

What they all have in common is the process to get the colour. Young leaves are mashed with water and then encouraged to ferment. That results in a greenish sludge. The fabric is immersed in the sludge and then hung up to dry. As the pigments oxidize, they turn blue, and expert dyers can control the shade of blue by adjusting the duration of the oxidizing step, and other factors. (Loads more information here.)

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It struck me that indigo would make a marvellous central topic for one of those the-entire-history-of-the-universe-as-seen-through-a-single-neglected-thing books. There’s revolt and revolution, trade wars, the origins of modern organic chemistry, mercantile colonialism, slavery and rice, and pretty colours. Kew contibuted its model of an indigo factory to the BBC’s history of the world in 100 objects, but the model does not seem to have been the subject of one of those wonderful broadcasts. A pal of mine did a book on madder, another brilliant dye; I couldn’t find anything similar for indigo (although there is plenty of woo). Publishers! I am available.