- Pigeonpea gets the genomics treatment.
- Animal genetic resources for the poor: “…one of the highest priority interventions for the smallholder systems is the development of innovative approaches for the strategic use of appropriate genotypes from the available range of global breed resources.”
- How good is ecotourism?
- Gapminder does per capita food supply.
The revenge of history
Three papers today which look into the role of history in determining patterns of diversity, at the species and genetic level. I don’t have much time today, so descriptions will have to be quick and dirty for now.
In Molecular Ecology, Hoban et al. used microsatellites to genotype 29 populations of Juglans cinerea from throughout the eastern US. 1 They wanted to know whether the observed pattern of genetic diversity was best explained by the spread of the species from refugia after the last glaciation, by its recent dramatic decline due to a fungal pathogen, or by a core-vs-periphery effect. It turned out to be the first of these. One of the consequences is that southern populations are the most diverse, and should be the ones to be targeted for ex situ conservation in the face of the depredations of the fungus.
Meanwhile, over at the Journal of Applied Ecology, Reitalu et al. looked at species diversity in Swedish grasslands in relation to various aspects of management. 2 They found that distance to the nearest historical village was an excellent predictor of grassland diversity, integrating various management variables. Diversity peaked at 1-1.5 km from the nearest village, and declined thereafter with distance. This finding could be used to prioritize grasslands for conservation, and to devise appropriate management programmes, which should involve moderate grazing pressure.
Finally, again in the Journal of Applied Ecology, González-Varo et al. describe a somewhat retro study on the Mediterranean Shrub Myrtus communis in SW Spain using isozymes. 3 Working not only on the actual natural populations but also on progenies, they wanted to know the relative importance of the past and the present effects of fragmentation of populations on fitness. The past effects were represented by the genetic diversity of populations, the present effects by outcrossing rates. In contrast to the previous two papers, they found that the present is a better guide to conservation that the past. It was outcrossing rates that had the strongest effect on the fitness of progenies. The recommendation is for honeybee hives to be controlled in the vicinity of these populations, to foster a diverse assemblage of local pollinators, and thus increased outcrossing.
Great to see very clear conservation recommendations being made in all cases, solidly based on the results. It is not always so.
Live tweeting The Big Nature Debate
Well that was fun. Along with a few others, I live tweeted The Big Nature Debate which took place at the Natural History Museum in London on the afternoon of 7 October. You can get a flavour by checking the naturedb8 hashtag, 4 but I wasn’t very consistent in using it, and neither were the others, so you might need to hunt around for more, untagged tweets. Best point made? Well, apart from the one about weevils being important too (as pollinators of oil palm, among other things), that biodiversity conservation needs to talk to agriculture. I think that came from Professor Jon Hutton, Director of the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre. And vice versa. As pointed out using crop wild relatives as an example by Paul Smith, Director of the Millennium Seed Bank, Kew Royal Botanic Gardens.
When agriculture is one with neither nature nor people
Remember our recent discussion here about the disconnect between the biodiversity conservation and agrobiodiversity communities? 5 Here’s further evidence, not that it is needed. An article from IUCN entitled When nature and people are one, on the link between human and biological diversity. Which entirely fails to mention agriculture. Even as a bad thing.
Nibbles: Musa wild relative, Soil biodiversity, Wild sorghum hybrids, Millet diversity, Bees, Garlic core collection, Heirloom seed saving, Nutrition, Fungal conservation, Sacred places
- New(ish) banana wild relative found in Mekong. Photo by Markku Hakkinen.
- Conserving soil biodiversity.
- Ecological fitness of wild-cultivated sorghum hybrids equal to wild parent.
- Pattern of genetic diversity in pearl millet determined by artificial, not natural, selection.
- The latest on the troubles of bees.
- Garlic gets cored. Totally SFW.
- Seed saving in the Hudson Valley.
- West African leaders say agriculture should be about nutrition. As opposed to?
- International Society for Fungal Conservation established. And that’s about it for now, but there are some ideas about what it will do.