Another feel-good crop wild relative story

When I saw news stories a short while back about a new peanut variety called Tifguard, famous for having resistance to both peanut root-knot nematode and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), the main question I had was where the resistance(s) came from. So I consulted our resident peanut expert, and it turns out that the nematode resistance gene in Tifguard came from the variety COAN. Which in turn got it from the wild relative Arachis cardenasii. And by conventional breeding, no less.

Although saying that glosses over the fact that Charles Simpson‘s introgression programme at Texas A&M sometimes involved making more than a thousand meticulous interspecific crosses just to get a single seed. Nobody ever said using crop wild relatives in breeding programmes was easy! Anyway, this is a truly exemplary case of what can be done to incorporate genes from crop wild relatives into improved cultivars using “conventional” breeding methods.

Not much A. cardenasii in GRIN or SINGER. 1 GBIF adds data from a couple of herbaria, but in total we’re talking about no more than about 30 records or so, some of which are no doubt duplicates.

MUCH LATER: Follow-up, with live links!

Soil: don’t treat it like dirt

That headline, seen on a few big ol’ pickup trucks in the US, only really works in the US, where people do have a strange habit of referring to soil as dirt. But pop on over to National Geographic magazine this month for a full discussion of the state of US soil. It’s the basis of everything else that grows, and an amazing repository of agrobiodiversity, and all too often people do treat it as dirt.

Ugandan fair offers farmers and politicians a chance to talk

There’s a fascinating article in yesterday’s Uganda Monitor about a trade show for the agricultural sector at Jinja. Fascinating for all sorts of reasons, one being the disconnect between what farmers want and what politicians think they want.

President Yoweri Museveni opened the show on July 22 and although his speech dwelt more on politics and complaints against FM stations, he was there to inspire farmers, and acknowledge that they contribute more to the GDP.

However, farmers wanted to hear that the President would reduce the interest rate on Bonna Bagagagawale (sic) funds to 1 percent. That rural roads would be fixed so that produce gets to the markets easily and that taxes on farm implements can be waived and that the government will set up tractor hire services in villages for farmers who cannot buy tractors to hire them.

Animal farmers wanted to hear that the government has banned export of unprocessed food so that by-products used to make animal feeds can be available.

I’m not saying that the farmers should get everything they want, but their demands certainly deserve consideration. Then there’s the question of why farmers want those things.

From Mbarara, Mr Moses Turyamanya learnt that matooke cost between Shs5,000 and Shs20,000 in urban areas. “We brought a lorry full of matooke and it sold out,” he said. “At our farms, we earn between Shs500 and Shs2,000, per bunch of matooke. Now we know that we have to market our produce to get better money.”

But the biggest discovery for Mr Turyamanya is when he learnt that matooke can be processed into food products.

He says a few years ago, Farm Africa exhibited solar driers which can dry matooke and other types of bananas.

“I secured a drier and now we are able to dry matooke and process it into powder, juice, chips and other products,” Mr Turyamanya said. “The government is planning to build a factory so that we can process food and sell to the World Food Programme.”

And there’s a lot more of interest, like a plea from Kabaka Ronald Mutebi for better demonstration farms (and, by extension, better extension services), a joint Uganda-Iran tractor company, and local seed companies. We know farmer field schools are a good thing; this kind of fair sounds like a giant farmer field school and may contain the seed of a politician field school too. If they listen.

Special publication on livestock genetic resources

Livestock Science has a special issue on animal genetic resources. Or it will have, it doesn’t seem to be out yet, although some corrected proofs are available. You can get a flavour of the thing with the introduction. Here are some of the highlights: