- Bioinformatics techniques applied to languages.
- Bats are agrobiodiversity too.
- “Biodiversity is under severe threat from climate change, but we need to be careful that we don’t give a false impression of what our confidence is.” Attribution to climate change easy at global level; at local, not so much.
- Problems with bioinformatics? BioStar is a site for asking, answering and discussing bioinformatics questions.
- A wild garlic festival in Wales this Saturday.
Nibbles: SEARICE, R&D, Sustainable intensification, Biofortification, Chillies, Safe movement, Mangoes, Weeds, Berries, Blueberries, Cerrado
- SEARICE explains its approach to seed sovereignty and farmer participation.
- Nature on IFPRI’s report on agricultural R&D in Africa. Not pretty.
- Resilience Science on the UN Special Rapporteur’s sustainable intensification thing.
- The Gates Foundation is on a nutritional roll; most of yesterday’s posts are available from this round-up.
- New Mexico gets all protectionist about its chillies.
- IITA explains how it provides healthy germplasm. Various different interesting stories in there, stick with it.
- Farmer conservation power in India.
- How to control invasive species. Eat more weeds.
- Presentation on Trends in global nutrition and health: Local fruits and their potential importance for nutrition and health as seen at Pavlovsk berry meeting.
- Speaking of berries…
- The cerrado (and its crop wild relatives) is in trouble. We talked about this, weren’t you paying attention?
New insights into barley domestication
We asked one of the co-authors, Ian Dawson, who’s an old friend, to briefly summarize for us a paper just out in New Phytologist on the domestication of barley. Here is his contribution. Thanks a lot, Ian, and keep ’em coming…
The power of new technologies to explore crop evolution is illustrated by a just released paper by Russell and co-workers ((Russell, J., Dawson, I., Flavell, A., Steffenson, B., Weltzien, E., Booth, A., Ceccarelli, S., Grando, S., & Waugh, R. (2011). Analysis of 1000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in geographically matched samples of landrace and wild barley indicates secondary contact and chromosome-level differences in diversity around domestication genes New Phytologist DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03704.x)) that explores barley domestication in the Fertile Crescent, a key region in the development of farming. From assessing a collection of more than 1,000 genetically mapped, genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in geographically-matched landrace and wild barley accessions from Jordan and Syria, genetic contact between the two categories was evident, suggesting hybridisation may be a mechanism for the continued adaptation of landraces in the region under climate change. In addition, statistically significant chromosome-level differences in diversity between barley types were observed around genes known to be involved in the evolution of cultivars, indicating regions of the genome that may be subject to selection and therefore of interest in future crop breeding. For example, a significant reduction in diversity in landrace barley –- which suggests a genetic bottleneck during domestication –- was observed around the brittle rachis genes, recessive characters which result in grains remaining longer on plants after maturation, allowing efficient harvest of cultivated compared to wild barley. Jordan and southern Syria, compared to the north of Syria, was supported by SNP data as a more likely origin of domesticated barley, suggesting limited locations for the original development of the cultivated crop. Such studies, which exploit novel and rapidly developing genotyping methods, provide great scope for also exploring the evolution of other crops of both historical and current importance, especially when combined with matched geographic sampling of wild and cultivated material.
Brainfood: Brazil nut, Cassava relatives, Botanic gardens, Pollinators, OECD, IPM, Community genetics, Insect resistance, Marco Polo sheep, Abiotic stresses, Better climate change modelling
- Made in Brazil? Brazil Nut, yes. The genus Manihot, not so much.
- The role of botanic gardens as resource and introduction centres in the face of global change. They have one. But they need to be more like genebanks.
- Global growth and stability of agricultural yield decrease with pollinator dependence. Analysis of time-series FAO production data shows that more pollinator-dependent crops have lower yield growth and lower yield stability. So both should benefit from more active management of wild pollinators and their habitats. Results can be extended to other ecosystem services but that was a bridge too far for this reader.
- Draft Policy Framework for Investment in Agriculture. “The purpose of this document is … to initiate discussion.” Off you go.
- Deterrent and insecticidal properties of bean seed (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) whole meal or protein extract incorporated into the diet of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). To protect chickpeas from bruchid beetles, add bean proteins.
- Community genetics: at the crossroads of ecology and evolutionary genetics, a special issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, which includes …
- … Insect-resistant biotech crops and their impacts on beneficial arthropods. The abstract gives nothing away: “The findings … are discussed.”
- High connectivity among argali sheep from Afghanistan and adjacent countries means you need international collaboration for conservation. Good luck with that.
- Better phenomics and genomics means you can do really cool Genetic analysis of abiotic stress tolerance in crops, and their wild relatives of course. But we knew that.
- Five ways of Improving assessment and modelling of climate change impacts on global terrestrial biodiversity: more data, process-based modelling, better understanding of role of community interactions and of the effect of genetic variation, and better functional groupings of species for improved simulations of vegetation distribution.
FAO says crop wild relatives must be collected
Plant genetic material stored in gene banks should be screened with future requirements in mind. Additional plant genetic resources — including those from wild relatives of food crops — must be collected and studied because of the risk that they may disappear.
Climate-adapted crops — for example varieties of major cereals that are resistant to heat, drought, submergence and salty water — can be bred. FAO stressed however that this should be done in ways that respect breeders’ and farmers’ rights, in accordance with the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources.
That’s from FAO’s a submission to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change about a week ago. Can’t think how I missed it. Of course, there is some collecting work being planned now on crop wild relatives…