Author: Luigi Guarino

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Rice vs millet

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmHUsVlc8yY

We’ve mentioned before the efforts to support millet cultivation among the Hill Tribes of India. There’s even a BBC documentary about the work. The above video is not from the Kolli Hills, but the problem it illustrates is the same. Rice subsidies and mining are threatening the way of life of the Dongria Kondh.

Living Farms works with them to ensure availability of food for the entire year. This is being done by re-establishing their traditional farming system, by conserving the biodiversity of millet and uncultivated food.

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Featured: Cattle in the Sahara

Mathilda corrects Luigi on cattle domestication:

“Mathilda goes on to hypothesize that cattle domestication may have started in the Sahara — before the growing of crops…”

Not really…

I point out that domesticated cattle only start appearing in Africa along with the Neolithic expansion from Asia and match the expansion of the Asian domesticates (other posts). The cattle at Nabta were probably captured and ‘kept’ from wild and not domesticated, like the Barbary sheep at Afada. Possibly to secure food for hard times or to make sure they had a cow to sacrifice on ritual days. There’s no evidence from the African languages or expansion patterns of morphologically domesticated cattle bones that cattle were ever domesticated in the Sahara until the concept had arrived from Asia.

Other relevant posts from Mathilda include this and this.

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Land sharing or sparing?

That is one of the questions addressed by a paper in Journal of Applied Ecology which looks at the ecogeographic distribution of organic farming in the UK. “Land sparing” means excluding land from intensive agriculture to protect biodiversity. “Land sharing” is a contrasting strategy which would make all agricultural land better for biodiversity. The study recommends

…continuing to use intensive agriculture to meet our food production targets, but using organic farms in suitable areas to provide islands of biodiversity, as well as a smaller amount of food.

So the vote is for land sparing. Ok, fair enough. What gets me, though, is that, as usual, it is only the effect of agriculture on the surrounding wild biodiversity that is being considered. What about the biodiversity that is an integral part of the agricultural system itself? Doesn’t agrobiodiversity count for something in all this?

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Forced penning in the Sahara

Mathilda had a post a few days ago which caught my eye, but I forgot to nibble it. Better late than never. She discusses a recent paper reporting on the archaeological excavation of Uan Afuda and other Early Holocene sites of the Acacus mountains, in the Libyan Sahara, and in particular the layers of animal dung that excavations uncovered. The paper suggests that these “dung layers are related to a forced penning of a ruminant, very likely Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia),” and that this is evidence of delayed use of resources designed to cope with lean periods. Mathilda goes on to hypothesize that cattle domestication keeping ((See comment from Mathilda.)) may have started in the Sahara — before the growing of crops — in a similar way.